Marketing Cancer Drugs To Physicians Increases Prescribing Without Improving Mortality

Abstract of a paper on National Bureau of Economic Research: Physicians commonly receive marketing-related transfers from drug firms. We examine the impact of these relationships on the prescribing of physician-administered cancer drugs in Medicare. We find that prescribing of the associated drug increases 4\% in the twelve months after a payment is received, with the increase beginning sharply in the month of payment and fading out within a year. A marketing payment also leads physicians to begin treating cancer patients with lower expected mortality. While payments result in greater expenditure on cancer drugs, there are no associated improvements in patient mortality.

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C++ Creator Rebuts White House Warning

An anonymous reader quotes a report from InfoWorld: C++ creator Bjarne Stroustrup has defended the widely used programming language in response to a Biden administration report that calls on developers to use memory-safe languages and avoid using vulnerable ones such as C++ and C. In a March 15 response to an inquiry from InfoWorld, Stroustrup pointed out strengths of C++, which was designed in 1979. “I find it surprising that the writers of those government documents seem oblivious of the strengths of contemporary C++ and the efforts to provide strong safety guarantees,” Stroustrup said. “On the other hand, they seem to have realized that a programming language is just one part of a tool chain, so that improved tools and development processes are essential.”

Safety improvement always has been a goal of C++ development efforts, Stroustrup stressed. “Improving safety has been an aim of C++ from day one and throughout its evolution. Just compare the K&R C language with the earliest C++, and the early C++ with contemporary C++. My CppCon 2023 keynote outlines that evolution,” he said. “Much quality C++ is written using techniques based on RAII (Resource Acquisition Is Initialization), containers, and resource management pointers rather than conventional C-style pointer messes.” Stroustrup cited a number of efforts to improve C++ safety. “There are two problems related to safety. Of the billions of lines of C++, few completely follow modern guidelines, and peoples’ notions of which aspects of safety are important differ. I and the C++ standard committee are trying to deal with that,” he said. “Profiles is a framework for specifying what guarantees a piece of code requires and enable implementations to verify them. There are documents describing that on the committee’s website — look for WG21 — and more are coming. However, some of us are not in a mood to wait for the committee’s necessarily slow progress.”

Profiles, Stroustrup said, “is a framework that allows us to incrementally improve guarantees — e.g., to eliminate most range errors relatively soon — and to gradually introduce guarantees into large code bases through local static analysis and minimal run-time checks. My long-term aim for C++ is and has been for C++ to offer type and resource safety when and where needed. Maybe the current push for memory safety — a subset of the guarantees I want — will prove helpful to my efforts, which are shared by many in the C++ standards committee.” Stroustrup previously defended the safety of C++ against the NSA, which recommended using memory-safe languages instead of C++ and C in a November 2022 bulletin.

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EU’s Use of Microsoft 365 Found To Breach Data Protection Rules

An anonymous reader quotes a report from TechCrunch: A lengthy investigation into the European Union’s use of Microsoft 365 has found the Commission breached the bloc’s data protection rules through its use of the cloud-based productivity software. Announcing its decision in a press release today, the European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS) said the Commission infringed “several key data protection rules when using Microsoft 365.”
“The Commission did not sufficiently specify what types of personal data are to be collected and for which explicit and specified purposes when using Microsoft 365,” the data supervisor, Wojciech Wiewiorowski, wrote, adding: “The Commission’s infringements as data controller also relate to data processing, including transfers of personal data, carried out on its behalf.” The EDPS has imposed corrective measures requiring the Commission to address the compliance problems it has identified by December 9 2024, assuming it continues to use Microsoft’s cloud suite. The regulator, which oversees’ EU institutions’ compliance with data protection rules, opened a probe of the Commission’s use of Microsoft 365 and other U.S. cloud services back in May 2021. […]

The Commission confirmed receipt of the EDPB’s decision and said it will need to analyze the reasoning “in detail” before taking any decision on how to proceed. In a series of statements during a press briefing, it expressed confidence that it complies with “the applicable data protection rules, both in fact and in law.” It also said “various improvements” have been made to contracts, with the EDPS, during its investigation. “We have been cooperating fully with the EDPS since the start of the investigation, by providing all relevant documents and information to the EDPS and by following up on the issues that have been raised in the course of the investigation,” it said. “The Commission has always been ready to implement, and grateful for receiving, any substantiated recommendation from the EDPS. Data protection is a top priority for the Commission.”

“The Commission has always been fully committed to ensuring that its use of Microsoft M365 is compliant with the applicable data protection rules and will continue to do so. The same applies to all other software acquired by the Commission,” it went on, further noting: “New data protection rules for the EU institutions and bodies came into force on 11 December 2018. The Commission is actively pursuing ambitious and safe adequacy frameworks with international partners. The Commission applies those rules in all its processes and contracts, including with individual companies such as Microsoft.” While the Commission’s public statements reiterated that it’s committed to compliance with its legal obligations, it also claimed that “compliance with the EDPS decision unfortunately seems likely to undermine the current high level of mobile and integrated IT services.” “This applies not only to Microsoft but potentially also to other commercial IT services. But we need to first analyze the decision’s conclusions and the underlying reasons in detail. We cannot provide further comments until we have concluded the analysis,” it added.

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